Ijambo "Shift y'Abongereza" rikubiyemo impinduka z’imihindagurikire y’imiterere ya politiki y’Ubwongereza kandi ryaganiriweho cyane n’impaka mu myaka mike ishize. Kuva muri referendum ya Brexit kugeza ku matora rusange yakurikiyeho, iki gihugu cyagiye gihinduka cyane mu butegetsi bwa politiki no mu bitekerezo, biganisha ku gihe cy'inzibacyuho yatumye benshi bibaza ejo hazaza ha imwe muri demokarasi ishingiye ku isi.
Amateka ya UK Switch ashobora kuva mu matora ya referendumu yabaye ku ya 23 Kamena 2016, igihe abatora b'Abongereza batoye kuva mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (EU). Iki cyemezo kizwi ku izina rya Brexit, kigaragaza impinduka mu mateka y'igihugu kandi cyateje amakenga akomeye haba mu gihugu ndetse no ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Amajwi ya referendumu yagaragaje amacakubiri akomeye mu muryango w’Abongereza, aho abakiri bato ahanini bashyigikiye kuguma mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, mu gihe abakurambere batoye kugenda.
Mu gihe imishyikirano yerekeye ingingo z’uko u Bwongereza buva mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, ishyaka rya Konserwatori rya Minisitiri w’intebe w’icyo gihe, Theresa May ryaharaniye kugirana amasezerano yishimira inteko ishinga amategeko y’Ubwongereza ndetse n’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi. Amacakubiri mu ishyaka ry’aba conservateur no kutumvikana mu nteko ishinga amategeko yaje gutuma Gicurasi yegura kandi hashyirwaho minisitiri w’intebe mushya, Boris Johnson.
Johnson yaje ku butegetsi muri Nyakanga 2019, azana impinduka zidasanzwe kuri UK Switch. Yasezeranije kuzagera kuri “Brexit” bitarenze igihe cyo ku ya 31 Ukwakira, “kora cyangwa upfe” anasaba ko amatora rusange yatangira hakiri kare kugira ngo umubare w’abadepite wemeze amasezerano ye yo kuvaho. Amatora yo mu Kuboza 2019 byagaragaye ko ari ikintu gikomeye cyahinduye imiterere ya politiki y'Ubwongereza.
Ishyaka Riharanira Demokarasi no Kurengera Ibidukikije ryatsinze amatora rusange mu matora rusange, ryegukana ubwiganze bw'imyanya 80 mu nteko ishinga amategeko. Iyi ntsinzi yabonaga ko ari inshingano zisobanutse kuri Johnson yo guteza imbere gahunda ye ya Brexit no kurangiza amakenga akomeje kuba mu Bwongereza kuva mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi.
Kubera ubwiganze bukomeye mu nteko ishinga amategeko, ihinduka ry’Ubwongereza ryongeye guhinduka mu 2020, aho igihugu cyavuye ku mugaragaro Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi ku ya 31 Mutarama kandi kikinjira mu gihe cy’inzibacyuho mu gihe imishyikirano y’ubucuruzi bw’ejo hazaza ikomeje. Nyamara, icyorezo cya coronavirus (COVID-19) cyafashe umwanya wa mbere, kirangaza abantu kuva ku cyiciro cya nyuma cya Brexit.
Hindura UK ihura n’ibibazo bishya kuko icyorezo gikomeje guhungabanya ubuzima bwa buri munsi kandi kigashyiraho igitutu kinini ku bukungu bw’igihugu ndetse na gahunda y’ubuzima rusange. Igisubizo cya guverinoma kuri iki kibazo, harimo na politiki nko gufunga, gukingira no gutera inkunga ubukungu, cyakurikiranwe kandi kikaba cyarahishe igicucu cya Brexit.
Urebye imbere, ingaruka zose z’ihinduka ry’Ubwongereza ntizizwi neza. Ibyavuye mu mishyikirano y’ubucuruzi ikomeje kugirana n’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, ingaruka z’ubukungu bw’icyorezo ndetse n’ejo hazaza h’umuryango ubwayo, ndetse n’uko abantu benshi baharanira ubwigenge muri Scotland, byose ni ibintu by'ingenzi mu kumenya ibizaba mu Bwongereza.
Ihinduka ry’Ubwongereza ryerekana igihe gikomeye mu mateka y’iki gihugu, cyaranzwe n’imiterere ya politiki ihindagurika mu gihe impaka zishingiye ku busugire, indangamuntu ndetse n’iterambere ry’ubukungu. Nta gushidikanya ko ibyemezo byafashwe uyu munsi bizagira ingaruka zikomeye kubisekuruza bizaza. Intsinzi cyangwa kunanirwa kwinzibacyuho y’Ubwongereza bizaterwa n’uburyo igihugu cyakemura ibibazo biri imbere kandi gishobora guteza imbere ubumwe n’amahoro mu gihe hakomeje kubaho gushidikanya.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-12-2023
